Effects Of Foreign Direct Investment On Agricultural...

ABSTRACT This research investigates and empirically examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on agricultural output and economic growth in Kenya. The methodology involves estimating an economic growth model using panel data of the period from 1990 to 2013. By applying the OLS method, the results indicate that FDIhas a negative effect on the economy overall, while combining with other factors such as labour, GCF and exports. However, on its own, FDI’s prove to have a positive but insignificant effect on GDP. CHAPTER ONE Introduction Statement Claims that the Foreign Direct Investment in Agriculture in Kenya have brought about many benefits as opposed to the vices are wrong. In his book, Multinational Corporations in Political Economy of Kenya, Langdon investigates multinational Corporations performances in Kenya in the mid 1970’s and concluded that their impact was overwhelmingly negative to the economy of Kenya. He argued that the MNC’s in Kenya after independence to date became ‘powerful instruments’ for profit making, a great deal of which profit was repatriated. They produced fewer spread effects in form of employment or linkage than local entrepreneurs would spur. 1.0 Introduction Agriculture is the beating hub of the Kenyan economy. The agriculture sector is the single largest sector of the economy accounting for about one quarter of GDP. About 18 per cent of growth in GDP in 2012 was from the sector, up from 7.5 per cent recorded in 2011. 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In Your Opinion What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book Free Essays

Have you ever thought about death? Are you ready to die? If your answer is no, you can change it by reading Tuesday With Morrie . This book is filled with perfect aphorisms and life lessons that can change someone’s life. Tuesday classes with Morrie changed Mitch Albom’s life and thought him how to live. We will write a custom essay sample on In Your Opinion What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issues that they talked about are big lessons for everyone. Personally, I have learned a great deal from the book and in this essay, I explain some important themes which, in my opinion, are offered in rejection of what culture is holds to be true, give love and let it come in, and do not think money is everything. First theme is rejecting what culture is saying. do not believe what people around you telling what is right or wrong. Try to develop your own culture by finding people whom you can trust . Every society has its own problems; therefore, you need to be strong and listen to your heart , do your work , and do not give up on things that you do not believe in . For example, in the book Morrie’s opinion is â€Å"we are teaching the wrong things. And you have to be strong enough to say if the culture doesn’t work, don’t buy it† (page 35). This quote means that if you listen to media, news, and your friends and do what they ARE saying, you will end up with an unhappy life. Likewise, Morrie, who loses his independence, is still accepted in society, because he has unique way for living, he has his own culture. He started project called Greenhouse, where poor people could receive mental health services. He visited by colleagues, kept in touch with his students, and wrote letter to his distant friends. All of this is signs of a fact that he was successful in developing his own culture. To sum up, do not waste your time to believe culture and do not lose your confidence. Believe yourself and trust your belief to have a happy life. The second theme is the fact that love can never die. If you have someone to love you, you will never disappear from his or her minds. Love between you and your family will take care of you at any time, even though you got terminal disease, like Morrie, and there is no hope for you to live. â€Å"The fact is there is no foundation, no secure ground, upon which people may stand today if it isn’t the family. (page91) For instance, in Morris’s opinion â€Å"love is A rational act† (page 134). It means if you give love, it will return to you. He quoted from W. H. Auden the thing that love is the essence of every person, and every relationship without it is nothing. We can see that the importance of love in Morrie’s life is clear for him because when he is going close to death without care of his family, he would pe rish. In conclusion, love brings happiness and meaning to life. Lastly, do not think money is everything. People who just work for money are always busy. They do not pay attention to people around them, they are alone, and everything is money for them. They think money gives them power, and it can sustain them at any time even when they face with death. However, Morrie knows better since when one encounters death, neither money nor power will give one the feeling that they are looking for. People, who think more money is better, do so because they did not find meaning in their lives, so to find out the meaning in their lives, they just run for new houses, new cars, and property. They seek meaning in appearance. The truth is, you don’t get satisfaction from those things. Only offering what you have to give, gives you satisfaction. †(page126) For example, if you have skill in computer, you can teach to the old people. They will be very grateful. This is how you start to get respect by offering your time and your talent. Lastly, money cannot give you everything you need; on the contrary, it can make you lonelier. In conclusi on, I really enjoyed the book and I have learned from it. It thought me that culture is not always right and most of people do not know this fact. They rather be brainwashed in their lives. Second theme is love people around you, enjoy your moment with them, and find someone to give your love uniquely. Have children to experience one of the most important feelings in life; a sense Of fullness and felicity which cannot be expressed in words. Additionally, the last thing is money. It is not something for which you would be supposed to work and spend all your time on. Instead, pay more attention to people around you, and put more essence of human being in your lifetime. Finally, I am seeing this book as a life reference, filled with perfect quotes and stories. I really recommend it to people to read and learn from it. How to cite In Your Opinion What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book?, Papers

Impact of culture on the Merger between Sprint and Nextel Sample

Question: Describe thee impact of culture on the Merger between Sprint and Nextel. Answer: Assessing the Impact of Culture on the Merger between Sprint and Nextel Mergers and acquisitions characterize todays competitive business environment. However, about 80% of these mergers fail to achieve their expectations where as one-third of them fail after five years of their operation (Stahl Mendenhall, 2005). Existing evidence suggests that the final success of any merger and acquisition is substantially determined by how the involved organizations manage the cultural elements of their transition. Taking the case of Nextel and Sprint, their failure to manage their distinct cultures resulted in their poor financial performance in the industry. For this reason, the paper assesses the impact of culture on the merger between Sprint and Nextel and consequently provides recommendations on what the leaders of the two organizations could have done to unify their distinct cultures. Overview of the Merger between Sprint and Nextel Sprint in 2005 acquired its principal rival Nextel for a sum of $ 35 billion with the primary objective of keeping pace with the leading players in the industry including AT T and Verizon (Hart, 2007). The company by 2008 had written down Nextel value of 80% confirming that the merger had been a total failure. The failure according to Hart (2007) was attributable to a clash between the two organizations cultures. Nextel was known for its entrepreneurial, Khaki culture whereas Sprint was acknowledged for its buttoned-down formality culture. The culture differences between the two organizations greatly affected their advertising strategies. Likewise, the culture difference triggered a sense of mistrust between the two companies. For instance, some Nextel staff complained that their entrepreneurial and aggressive culture that triggered their growth was being overshadowed by the bureaucratic approach executed by Sprint (Hart, 2007). On the other hand, Sprint felt deceived by the deterior ating network of Nextel arguing that it was the main reason for losing customers. Importance of Taking into Consideration Culture during Mergers and Acquisitions According to Ferris, Jayaraman Sabherwal (2013), a majority of organizations during mergers and acquisitions primarily focus on maintaining their reputations and credibility without taking into consideration the impact of their cultural differences in their financial performance. The author notes that both employees and managers comprehend that culture is crucial in enhancing the success of an organization compared to their operating model or strategy. Regardless the significance of culture, manager sand C-Suite executives does not give it a priority when implementing change programs as in the case of the merger between Sprint and Nextel. Additionally, in Kotters formula, culture comes last after everything has been addressed by an organization. Therefore, organizations such as Sprint and Nextel should have given priority to their distinct corporate structures if they wanted to succeed in the telecommunications industry. Integrating two distinct corporate cultures entail understandi ng the cultural norms of each company before commencing any operation. However, the leaders of the two companies failed to acknowledge the fact that culture influences the manner in which individuals behave and comprehend their actions. Recommendations on What Nextel and Sprint Organizational Leaders Could Have Done To Create a Unified Strong Culture for the Organization To enhance their competitiveness following the merger, it was essential for both Sprint and Nextel organization leaders to design a rigorous program that would address issues related to cultural integration. It is so unfortunate that the leaders treated culture as a soft and wooly topic. However, the organization leaders could have done the following to create a unified and vigorous culture for the resulting organization following the merger. Making culture a crucial aspect of the change management Culture refers to the shared behaviors, beliefs, and values that highlight how individuals accomplish various responsibilities in the organization (Teerikangas Irrmann, 2016). Therefore, to integrate two different cultures, it was necessary for the two companies to define their cultural objective in wider terms. Likewise, it was important for the two companys top management to set a cultural agenda by outlining the type of culture they wished to implement following their merger. In this context, it was upon the company leaders to blend the two cultures or determine the type of culture that would enhance the value of the merger. Since the aim of the merger between Sprint and Nextel was to cross-sell products, it was paramount for their leaders to integrate their sales force culture. Analyzing cultural distinctions that matters There is often a considerable difference between the acquired and the acquirers culture. Through analysis of their cultures, it becomes easier to measure and identify the differences among units, people, functions, and geographical regions. Besides, analyzing cultural differences would have helped the two organizational leaders identify the loopholes that needed to be closed to enhance the success of the merger. To identify the gaps, Nextel and Sprint managers could have used a variety of tools including management interviews, accountability mapping and decision x-rays, audio and video recordings, customer interviews and employee surveys (Antoine Kleiner, 2011; Fischbacher-Smith Fischbacher-Smith, 2014). The aim of management interviews is to reveal managerial priorities and styles of the two companies whereas audio and video recordings would enable the two companies to get a glimpse of how employees in the two companies work. Customer interviews would have helped in identifying th e perceptions of the external stakeholders regarding the two organizations whereas employee surveys would have provided significant insights regarding accepted priorities, attitudes, and behaviors. Implementing a Decision-making process that is not affected by cultural distinctions The process of decision-making is determined by the culture of an organization. For this reason, leaders of the merged companies are often subjected to a situation that requires decisions to be made quickly. However, different companies exhibit different decision-making styles depending on their culture. To address this issue, Nextel and Sprint company leaders would have taken the necessary step and identified individuals who would be involved in the decision- making process following the integration. Besides, it was essential for them to comprehend their different decision-making styles including the structures, processes, and assumptions that support it (Weber Fried, 2011). Additionally, it would be crucial to communicate their expectations to individuals involved in the decision-making process including their deadlines. The need for speedy decisions would have transformed the manner in which decisions were made regarding their operations (Davenport Barrow, 2009). Identifying the owners of the corporate culture and requesting them to work with the Senior Management For effective integration of the two cultures, it was important for Nextel and Sprint leaders to choose owners to help in the cultural integration process. In most cases, the owners are Organizational Development practitioners and Senior Human Resources whose views are crucial during a takeover. Apart from owners, the views of external stakeholders are crucial in providing insights regarding the value of culture in the performance of the company (Marks Mirvis, 2011). Taking into consideration the strengths of the companys existing cultures rather than focusing on their weaknesses Whenever two organizations merge, it is often assumed that organization leaders should take into consideration the best part of the culture of each company and integrate them. However, in most cases, well-designed processes and structural controls of the acquirer might be difficult to integrate with the acquired company less structured ways as in the case of Sprint and Nextel. For this reason, it was important for the companies to maintain distinct core competencies to enhance their survival in the industry. Given the fact that the companies exhibited different cultures, it was important for the leaders of the two organizations to assess the distinct aspects of their cultures and identify those which could be integrated (Bellingham, 2010). If it becomes difficult to integrate the distinct aspects of their culture, then the leaders should focus on the correlation between business results and cultural assumptions. Equally, the leaders should have focused on addressing cultural issues t hat were crucial to the success of the merger. Building the Employee Brand Given the fact that the primary objective of the merger was also to retain the staff, it was then important for the company leaders to reinforce staff loyalty towards the merger. In fact, it should have been the leaders priority to make the acquiring firms brand more attractive by providing employees with a sense of identity, rewards, and career advancement opportunities (Barratt-Pugh, Bahn Gakere, 2011). As discussed earlier, Nextel staff complained that their entrepreneurial and aggressive culture that triggered their growth was being overshadowed by the bureaucratic approach executed by Sprint (Belias Koustelios, 2014). On the other hand, Sprint felt deceived by the deteriorating network of Nextel arguing that it was the main reason for losing customers. For this reason, it was important for the two organizational leaders to address these issues by making sure that employees felt comfortable with the merger. Conclusion Based on the above analysis, culture plays a crucial role when integrating two companies, and if let to itself, it undermines the value of the merger as in the case of Sprint and Nextel. For this reason, addressing culture should be based on the understanding that it is implicit and powerful. In fact, employees find it difficult to transform their cultural beliefs to adopt new ones. Therefore, it was important for Sprint and Nextel to analyze their cultural differences with the aim of establishing a single culture that would enhance their operations in the telecommunications industry. References Antoine, B., Kleiner, B. (2015). Cultural Considerations and Impacts on Mergers Acquisitions. Franklin Business Law Journal, 5(1), 84-93. Barratt-Pugh, L., Bahn, S., Gakere, E.(2011). Managers as Change Agents Implications for Human Resource Managers Engaging with Culture Change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26(4), 748-764. Belias, D., Koustelios, A.(2014). The Impact of Leadership and Change Management Strategy on Organizational Culture. European Scientific Journal, 10(7), 451-470. Bellingham, R. (2010). Getting People and Culture Right in Mergers and Acquisitions. London: Amherst, Mass. Davenport, J., Barrow, S. (2009). Employee Communication During Mergers and Acquisitions. Farnham: Gower. Ferris, S. P., Jayaraman, N., Sabherwal, S. (2013). CEO Overconfidence and International Merger and Acquisition Activity. Journal Of Financial Quantitative Analysis, 48(1), 137-164. doi:10.1017/S0022109013000069 Fischbacher-Smith, D. Fischbacher-Smith, M.(2014). What Lies Beneath? The Role of Informal and Hidden Networks in the Management of Crises. Financial Accounting Management, 30(3), 259-279. Hart, K.(2007). No Cultural Merger At Sprint Nextel. The Washington Post. Retrieved from, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/23/AR2007112301588.html Marks, M. L., Mirvis, P. H. (2011). A framework for the human resources role in managing culture in mergers and acquisitions. Human Resource Management, 50(6), 859-877. doi:10.1002/hrm.20445 Stahl, G., Mendenhall, M.E.(2005). Mergers and Acquisitions: Managing Culture and Human Resources. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Business Books. Teerikangas, S., Irrmann, O. (2016). Cultural change following international acquisitions: cohabiting the tension between espoused and practiced cultures. Management International Review, (2), 195. doi:10.1007/s11575-015-0276-1. Weber, Y., Fried, Y. (2011). Guest Editors' Note: The role of HR practices in managing culture clash during the postmerger integration process. Human Resource Management, 50(5), 565-570. doi:10.1002/hrm.20449

Sustainability Metrics Thring and Bellagio Principles

Sustainability has been a topic of heated debate for decades. People, officials, policy makers, educators all strive for sustainable future, though there are a few people who can really follow sustainable principles.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Sustainability Metrics: Thring and Bellagio Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, there are numerous sustainability principles and approaches which have been developed by different people. Though, none of the approaches has been chosen as the one to follow. It is necessary to note that there are several sustainability metrics which can help chose the most appropriate approach. This, in its turn, can help people adopt the most efficient sustainability approach. It is possible to illustrate evaluation of sustainability metrics by comparing and contrasting two widespread approaches. The Thring sufficiency concept and the Bellagio principles for sustain able development will be compared. In the first place, it is necessary to note that the two approaches have a lot in common. For instance, the Thring sufficiency concept provides a particular scale of sustainable consumption (Tester et al., 2012). Hence, sustainable consumption presupposes sufficient amount of product (food, energy, services, etc.) that ensures high quality of life without unnecessary excess which often leads to numerous issues. Likewise, the Bellagio principles of sustainable development presuppose evaluation of possible negative as well as positive consequences of people’s activities (Tester et al., 2012).Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These principles are close to the Thring sufficiency concept. More so, it is possible to state that the Bellagio principles can be implemented with the help of the concept developed by Thring. Furthermore, ac cording to both approaches responsibility should be shared among individuals and governments. Each individual as well as the government should follow the principles of sustainability, which is the key to success. Apart from similarities, the two approaches also differ in many ways. One of the most significant differences is that the Bellagio principles are more comprehensive and detailed. Thus, these principles can be seen as a plan to follow to achieve sustainability in all aspects of people’s lives (Tester et al., 2012). In contrast to the Bellagio principles, the Thring concept can be regarded as a specific way to identify sustainable practices in this or that sphere. There is no description of possible ways to achieve sustainability in the sphere. To illustrate possible use of both approaches and their difference, it is possible to consider such issue as urban transportation. According to the Thring concept, it is clear that urban transportation should suffice for all inh abitants of the area to access urban facilities. When there is insufficient transportation, public transport will be overcrowded and lots of people will be unable to access certain destinations which can negatively affect the development of the area as qualified employees will be unable to access their working places.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Sustainability Metrics: Thring and Bellagio Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, too much transportation leads to increase in emissions and the necessity to build roads which is associated with additional (considerable) energy consumption. Thus, a possible solution is to provide sufficient public transportation which will make private vehicles unnecessary. People will be able to use public transport to get to their working places. Admittedly, this is possible when the government as well as every individual can accept the sustainable app roach. This solution can be applied if people focus on the good for all rather than on personal benefits. When it comes to the Bellagio principles, the issues concerning urban transportation can be solved with the help of a comprehensive plan. First, the city government will set clear goals, e.g. to develop sufficient urban transportation system. Then, the officials will implement holistic approach and make sure that all essential of the problems are included in the discussion. For example, such aspects as availability of transport, environmental consequences, cost-effectiveness, etc. will be highlighted. The government will also assess the present state of the urban transportation system. After that, the government will develop specific timelines for each stage of the plan, e.g. timelines for development of efficient routes, production and provision of vehicles, etc. According to the Bellagio principles for sustainable development, it is essential to assess implementation of the pl an. Thus, supervisors will assess the changes. For instance, the supervisors will trace the number of private vehicles, the number of people using public transport, the amount of emissions, the degree of satisfaction, etc. Besides, it is crucial to ensure openness of the assessment.Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, people should be able to access reports on implementation of the plan. These can be online reports which are updated regularly. More so, there should be place for commentaries or different forms of feedback as people should be able to participate in the process as well. This will contribute to effective communication. It is also necessary to note that communication should be transparent and plan developers as well as conductors should understand goals set, timelines developed and approaches which can be used. It is also important to make sure that all groups of stakeholders involved can participate in the process of the plan development. Officials, employees, entrepreneurs, unemployed people should all take part in the discussion. Finally, the government should be totally responsible for the implementation of the plan and encourage individuals to share their vision. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the two approaches mentioned above are effective when combined. Thus, the Bellagio principles for sustainable development can be the basis and the Thring sufficiency concept can be used at the stage of evaluation and assessment. Reference List Tester, J.W., Drake, E.M., Driscoll, M.J., Golay, M.W., Peters, W.A. (2012). Sustainable energy: Choosing among options. Cambridge, MA: Mit Press. This assessment on Sustainability Metrics: Thring and Bellagio Principles was written and submitted by user Axel Allison to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Basic Atomic Structure and Atomic Theory - Study Guide

Basic Atomic Structure and Atomic Theory - Study Guide Atoms are one of the first topics covered in a chemistry course because they are the fundamental building block of matter. Atoms bond to each other to form pure elements, compounds, and alloys. These substances exchange atoms with each other to form new products through chemical reactions. Key Takeaways: Atoms Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that cannot be divided using any chemical method. They do consist of smaller parts, but can only be broken by nuclear reactions.The three parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge. Neutrons are electrically neutral. Electrons carry a negative charge, equal in magnitude to that of a proton.Protons and neutrons stick together to form the atomic nucleus. Electrons orbit around the nucleus.Chemical bonding and chemical reactions occur due to the electrons around atoms. An atom with too many or too few electrons is unstable and may bond with another atom to either share or essentially donate electrons. Atom Overview Chemistry is the study of matter and the interactions between different types of matter and energy. The fundamental building block of matter is the atom. An atom consists of three main parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no electrical charge. Electrons have a negative electrical charge. Protons and neutrons are found together in what is called the nucleus of the atom. Electrons circle around the  nucleus. Chemical reactions involve interactions between the electrons of one atom and the electrons of another atom. Atoms which have different amounts of electrons and protons have a positive or negative electrical charge and are called ions. When atoms bond together, they can make larger building blocks of matter called molecules. The word atom was coined by the early Greeks Democritus and Leucippus, but the nature of the atom wasnt understood until later. In the 1800s, John Dalton demonstrated atoms react with each other in whole ratios to form compounds. The discovery of the electron earned J.J. Thomson the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics. The atomic nucleus was discovered in the gold foil experiment conducted by Geiger and Marsden under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford in 1909. Important Atom Facts All matter consists of particles called atoms. Here are some useful facts about atoms: Atoms cannot be divided  using chemicals. They do consist of parts, which include protons, neutrons, and electrons, but an atom is a basic chemical building block of matter.Each electron has a negative electrical charge.Each proton has a positive electrical charge. The charge of a proton and an electron are equal in magnitude, yet opposite in sign. Electrons and protons are electrically attracted to each other.Each neutron is electrically neutral. In other words, neutrons do not have a charge and are not electrically attracted to either electrons or protons.Protons and neutrons are about the same size as each other and are much larger than electrons.The mass of a proton is essentially the same as that of a neutron. The mass of a proton is 1840 times greater than the mass of an electron.The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. The nucleus carries a positive electrical charge.Electrons move around outside the nucleus.Almost all of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus; a lmost all of the volume of an atom is occupied by electrons. The number of protons  (also known as its  atomic number) determines the element. Varying the number of neutrons results in isotopes. Varying the number of electrons results in ions. Isotopes and ions of an atom with a constant number of protons are all variations of a single element.The particles within an atom are bound together by powerful forces. In general, electrons are easier to add or remove from an atom than a proton or neutron.  Chemical reactions  largely involve atoms or groups of atoms and the interactions between their electrons. Study Questions and Answers Try these practice problems to test your understanding of atomic theory. Write the  nuclear symbols for three isotopes  of oxygen in which there are 8, 9, and 10 neutrons, respectively.  AnswerWrite the  nuclear symbol  for an atom  with 32 protons and 38 neutrons.  AnswerIdentify the number of protons and electrons in the Sc3  ion.  AnswerGive the symbol of an ion which has 10 e- and 7 p.  Answer Sources Lewis, Gilbert N. (1916). The Atom and the Molecule. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 38 (4): 762–786. doi:10.1021/ja02261a002Wurtz, Charles Adolphe (1881). The Atomic Theory. New York: D. Appleton and company. ISBN 978-0-559-43636-9.

A Simple Guide to Become a School Board Member

A Simple Guide to Become a School Board Member The school board is the governing body of a school district. Board members are the only elected officials within an individual school district who have a say in the daily operations of that school district. A district is only as good as the board members who make up the entirety of the board. Becoming a school board member is not for everyone: You must be willing to listen to and work with others and be an adept and active problem solver. Boards where members bond and agree on most issues usually oversee an effective school district. Boards that are split and feud often have disarray and turmoil, which ultimately undermines the mission of schools in the district. A boards decisions matter: Poor decisions can lead to ineffectiveness, but good decisions will improve the overall quality of the school or schools in the district. Qualifications to Run for School Board There are five common qualifications that most states have in order to be eligible to be a candidate in a school board election. A school board candidate must: Be a registered voter.Be a resident of the district she is running inHave at least a high school diploma or a certificate of high school equivalencyNot have been convicted of a felonyNot be a current employee of the district and/or be related to a current employee in that district. Although these are the most common qualifications necessary to run for school board, it does vary from state to state. Check with your local election board for a more detailed list of required qualifications. Reasons to Become a School Board Member Becoming a school board member is a serious commitment. It takes quite a bit of time and dedication to be an effective school board member. Unfortunately, not every person who runs for a school board election is doing it for the right reasons. Each individual who chooses to be a candidate in a school board election does so for his own personal reasons. Candidates may run for a school board seat because they: Have a child in the district and want to have a direct impact on their education.Love politics and want to be an active participant in the political aspects of the school district.Want to serve and support the district.Believe they can make a difference in the overall quality of education that the school is providing.Have a personal vendetta against a teacher/coach/administrator and want to get rid of them. Composition of the School Board A school board is usually made up of three, five or seven members depending on the size and configuration of that district. Each position is an elected one and terms are typically either four or six years. Regular meetings are held once a month, typically at the same time each month (such as the second Monday of each month). A school board typically is made up of a president, vice president, and secretary. The positions are nominated and chosen by the board members themselves. Officer positions are typically chosen once a year. Duties of the School Board A school board is designed as the principle democratic body that represents local citizens on education and school-related issues. Being a school board member isn’t easy. Board members have to stay up-to-date on current educational issues, must be able to understand education jargon and have to listen to parents and other community members who want to pitch their idea on how to improve the district. The role of the board of education plays in a school district is vast. The board is responsible for hiring/evaluating/terminating the district superintendent. This is probably the most important duty of the board of education. The district’s superintendent is the face of the district and is ultimately responsible for managing the daily operations of the school district. Every district needs a superintendent who is trustworthy and who has a good relationship with their board members. When a superintendent and school board are not on the same page, chaos can ensue. The board of education develops policy and direction for the school district. The board of education also: Prioritizes and approves the budget for the school district.Has the final say on hiring school personnel and/or terminating a current employee in the district.Establishes the vision that reflects the overall goals of the community, staff, and the board.Makes decisions on school expansion or closure.Manages the collective bargaining process for the district’s employees.Approves many components of the district’s daily operations including the school calendar, contracts with outside vendors and curriculum The duties of a board of education are much more comprehensive than those listed above. Board members put in a lot of time in what essentially amounts to a volunteer position. Good board members are invaluable to a school district’s development and success.  The most effective school boards are arguably those that have a direct impact on nearly every facet of the school but do so in obscurity rather than the limelight.

Does Alcohol dependancy lead to depression Essay

Does Alcohol dependancy lead to depression - Essay Example cancers, unintentional injuries, and violence.† (Mokdad, Marks, Stroup & Gerberding 2000) Professional health care practitioners are constantly vigilant on monitoring alcohol dependents, especially if it exists in conjunction with other illnesses, like depression. The negative effects that alcoholism causes cannot be undermined. This paper is written to present a review of literature on the topic: does alcohol dependency lead to depression? Given the research question, the purpose of the study is to explore four scholarly researches made on the topic identifying methodologies, findings and general consensus. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services define alcoholism, also known as â€Å"alcohol dependence,† as â€Å"a disease that includes four symptoms: craving: a strong need, or compulsion, to drink; loss of control: The inability to limit one’s drinking on any given occasion; physical dependence: Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking; and tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to â€Å"get high.† (2001, 1) â€Å"The American Medical Association and the World Health Organization have both recognized addiction (including alcoholism) as an illness, not a lack of willpower†. (Dossey, Keegan, & Guzzetta, 2000, 514). Definitely, this is a fact that pervades people from all walks of life depending on diverse factors. According to Dossey, et.al. (2000), â€Å"although there are many types of addictions to various substances, alcohol addiction is the most prevalent in the United States, afflicting at least 11 million people†. (514) There are a multitude of scholarly researches written on alcoholism and diverse concerns related to it. Through secondary sources from books, journals and electronic references, appropriate materials would enable one to proffer a comprehensive and objective view of the topic. A study conducted by Dr. Achal

My Personal Stance as a Social Worker Assignment

My Personal Stance as a Social Worker - Assignment Example My Personal Stance as a Social Worker In a world that is becoming increasingly jaded due to the deterioration of moral values and the blurring of right and wrong, people continue to feel. Sometimes, it seems that as the world evolves with the rise of technology, the domination of media and onward progression of globalization, people get lost in the overwhelming changes happening around them or cope by withdrawing into themselves or experience nervous break downs. Amidst the breakthroughs of science and technology, and the modifications of moral standards, people still need basic care, acceptance and understanding of their humanity. One career that promotes such is Social Work. Van Nijnatten (2006) explains that social workers aim to enhance people’s ability to care for themselves and to promote their participation in the social process. A successful social worker has a broad knowledge of various organizational and networking systems that provide services and support to the varying needs of the client. On top of this is a vast understanding of the inner workings of a client – how he may think of his situation and how he feels about it especially in times of crisis.

Example of education because during that time Essay Example for Free

Example of education because during that time Essay In the text, Pocho, by Jose Antonio Villarreal, education plays an important role of explaining the characteristics of the immigrants during the 1930’s. Education is one way for readers to have an experience of what they have been through. During the investigation between the protagonist Richard and sheriff, Richard speaks out some words that the sheriff does not understand. Villarreal writes, â€Å" You mean homosexual? No, he wasn’t- this was a new word to the man. He was on the force because his sister had married a man who had something to do with the Chief of Police†¦ Goddamn! Where’d you learn the big word?† (Villarreal, 89). This is an example of education because here the sheriff is investigating Richard by asking him for information about Joe Pete Manoel. Richard responds with a big word â€Å"homosexual† to the sheriff that he did not understand. This is a highlight of the time period when it does not need any education to be a patrolman in Santa Clara. Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, at a school. Jose Antonio Villarreal directly mention in the texts of Richard’s thoughts about his teacher at school. During the conversation between Richard and Mary, Richard gives out his thought when the teacher does not inform the same answer from what he read on a book. Richard said â€Å"Well, the teachers teach us all kinds of things, and sometimes they’re not really honest about it†¦ sometimes I read things in books that show me teachers are wrong sometimes†¦ they cant be all right, and I don’t like them to always tell me that they kn ow everything, that’s all†. (Villarreal, 71). This is an example of education because during that time, teacher feels like their students are not smart enough to learn two sides of the story. Richard feels that sometimes books can teach him more than what he learns at school. It highlight that during that time education is not an important aspect of the immigrant lives. During the time of 1930’s, Education is not important to most of Mexicans families. But what makes Richard so special and unique is with his intelligence and desire to learn for his own good. Education make Richard shine as a main character, instead of a twelve-year-old kid, he talks like he is an adult. Richard said, â€Å" Try to understand me. I want to learn, and that is all. I do not want to be something- I am. I do not care about making a lot of money and about what people think and about the family in the way you speak. I have to learn as much as I can†¦ you would not understand me if I could† (Villarreal, 64). This quote is a portrait of Richard as a young kid with the mentality to learn. Education helps Richard speaks for him and not what his mother wants. It highlight that even in the period of poverty, Richard’s family believe that with education, they will have a better life.

Factors that Effet the Price Depreciation of a Car :: Economics Transportation Essays

Factors that Effet the Price Depreciation of a Car What factors effect the Price depreciation of a car and how? As a common teenager I am reaching the legal driving age and will soon require a car. As for most teenagers my age a new car is expensive so a second hand car would by more appropriate. For this project I will be looking at cars from two data sources: * The Primary Source. I will be doing my own research by using an "Auto Freeway" magazine for second hand cars and a "What Car?" magazine to find the prices of the cars when they are new. (Information Provided: Car Make, Car Model, Price When New. Price Second Hand, Age, Colour, Engine Size, Mileage) * The Secondary Source. I will be provided with this data. (Information Provided: Car Make, Car Model, Price When New. Price Second Hand, Age, Colour, Engine Size, Mileage, MPG, Fuel Type, Service History, MOT, Tax, Owners, Insurance Group, Doors, Seats, Style, Gearbox, Central Locking, Air Conditioning, Airbags) Since the magazine is not a totally reliable source I could not research as much information for the primary source as the secondary source. After I have 100 results of each source I will use systematic sampling by selecting every second car to cut my results into half from both sources. I will compare both sources. With my results I will calculate the Price Depreciation (%) showing by how much percent the car has decreased from the (Price When New). I suspect that there will be several trends and patterns in the results. The lack of information in the primary source means that I can only make 3 successful hypotheses: * The Older the car the higher the Price Depreciation * The Higher the Mileage the higher the Price Depreciation * The Engine Size would have a very little correlation if any, but if it does the correlation would be, the Bigger the Engine Size the Lower the Price Depreciation To get my primary data I will be using a random sampling. To do this I will use the random button on my calculator. I will pres it twice: first time I will take the last two digits for the page number and then I will press it again and use the last 2 digits for the car number in the page. If there is no such page or car then I will repeat the procedure. I am using Random Sampling because since I don't get told what order the cars are in. Due to this Cluster Sampling cannot be used because the group selected could be only for one make of cars.

Original Beauty Company’s Motivational Practices and Reward Systems: Theories of Motivation

Motivation is a word used to refer to the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behaviour especially human behaviour. These reasons may include a drive, a need, a desire to achieve a goal, a state of being, or an ideal. In human beings, motivation involves both conscious and subconscious drives. http://www. internet-of-the-mind. com/define_motivation. html Following the Original Beauty Company’s detail, I would pick up some methods of motivations which have been used ‘The factory employs 10 people who work a 40 hours week and are currently paid either ?250 per week or ?275 per week if they have been with the company for three years. Herzberg’s hygiene needs is salary and status such as the factory paid 40 hours for ?250 per week and ?275 per week if they work about 3 years. Herzberg addressed money particularly referring specifically to salary. Herzberg acknowledged the complexity of the salary issue money, earnings†¦.. and concluded that money is no t a primary motivators but achievement and recognition. The method of its motivation is Herzberg, the theory of Herzberg believed that pay was not the only motivator and came up with his theory, which had two elements to it such as hygiene factors and motivators. For an employee to be motivated, all the hygiene (maintenance) factors have to be met first and then the motivators can be used to make them work harder. ‘There have been no pay increases for the last three years and labour turnover is 80% a year. ’ The company paid wages for staffs about 80% labour turnover, it is really bad because it is very high. This will affect to the company’s profits. ‘There is no training and newcomers are expected to learn the jobs by doing them. ’ Following Herzberg’s theory, the company have not trained staff to lead on staff to unable to know new methods or technology. These also will lead on de-motivation. ‘The filling and packing lines employ 8 people who are paid ?222 per week for a 37 hours week†¦.. Sometimes, at quite time of the year, they are laid off but receive a retainer of ?75 per week to ensure they do not take permanent work elsewhere†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This group is well established with some employees having worked at the company for 20 years or more. They enjoy each others’ company and socialise as well as work together. ’ Herzberg’s theory in the hygiene factors relate on salary such as the factory would pay ?75 per week even through the factory are laid off, his helps the factory to retain staff. However, Herzberg said that offering pay rewards or increasing salary may not motivate employees but inadequate pay will de-motivate them. Moreover, the theory also relate on Mayo theory such as ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ they enjoy each others’ company and socialise as well as wor k together. ’ Mayo said that social needs are the most important motivation e. g. working in small groups and social activities. The warehouse staff work 37. 5 hours per week and are paid ?280 per week. They have been told that they should pack and despatch 40 cases per day each. Unsurprisingly, this target is never exceeded and has usually been met just after lunchtime each day. The reason which the target never exceeded and usually been met just after lunchtime each day, maybe the company have not got policies such as have to obtain the target and create rewards and threaten punishment them if not obtain the target. Following Taylor theory, he put forward the case that workers were only motivated by money, so work must be linked to payment. A manager should motivate a worker by using pay as an incentive and threaten them with less money or the sack if they did not work to the best of their ability. There are four office staffs that work a 35 hours week and are paid an average annual salary of ?22,500. They have the most pleasant working conditions of all staff in the company. They realise that they have to ensure a continuing flow of order and work hard in obtaining and processing orders and solving customer problems. They are the public face of the company and feel rewarded by the constant position feedback they receive from suppliers and customers. ’ The staffs are the most pleasant working condition, looking back Herzberg’s theory, he also mentions work condition. He stated that there are certain satisfiers and dissatisfies for employees at work. Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction. He devised his theory on the question: â€Å"What do people want from their jobs? † He asked people to describe in detail, such situations when they felt exceptionally good or exceptionally bad. From the responses that he received, he concluded that opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. Removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily make the job satisfying. So, the office staffs are motivated and Herzberg said that Herzberg’s motivation theory involves what people actually do on the job and should be engineered into the job employees do in other to develop intrinsic motivation with the workforce such as feedback and recognition. Both these approaches such as hygiene and motivation must be done simultaneously. Treat people as best you can so they have a minimum of dissatisfaction. Use people so they get achievement, recognition fro achievement and responsibility they can grow and advance in their work. There is one factory manager who is paid ?26,000 per annum. The three section managers who run the different parts of the factory receive an annual salary of round ?19,000. Non of them are qualified beyond level three. The managers are expected to work for as long as is needed to solve any problem that arise when the factory. ‘There is no training and newcomers are expected to learn the jobs by doing them. ’ Although the managers have lots of experiences but they have not got enough qualifications to manage their role. However, the company also do not give an opportunity to improve their knowledge. Self-actualization is the summit of Maslow's motivation theory. It is about the quest of reaching one's full potential as a person. Unlike lower level needs, this need is never fully satisfied; as one grows psychologically there are always new opportunities to continue to grow. Self-actualized persons have frequent occurrences of peak experiences, which are energized moments of profound happiness and harmony. The way to motive workers is to offer the opportunity of satisfying higher needs. Staffs only work within their own sections. So, example, when the warehouses staffs have meet their daily output quote, they are not required to help out on the packing lines if they are busy. There is little willingness to take responsibility when difficulties arise with each department seeking to blame other departments. The company is not unionised†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Following Maslow theory about esteem needs such as responsibility, strategies such as increasing responsibility may be used to motivate workers. Fringe benefits are limited to discounted company products and a subsidised canteen. Meetings of staff are only called if there are problems and communication is top down†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Limiting to discount company products and a subsidised canteen also are not staff satisfaction, in Maslow theory, if basic needs such as safe working conditions or essential facility such as a restaurant which do not met or basic benefits which staff needs but it does not meet, workers will remain de-motivated. According to this theory, if these needs are not satisfied, then an individual will surely be motivated to satisfy them. Higher order needs will not be recognized not unless one satisfies the needs that are basic to existence. These mean that Maslow said the lower ranking needs such as the need of food and water were more basic. He outlined the basic needs have to be met first before employees can be motivated. His theory is known as the Hierarchy of Needs.

Blood type

An application of Science to Law, Science to Criminal Justice The analysis of physical, chemical and biological evidence Forensic Medicine deals with crimes involving a human body (Murder, rape, assault) Forensic science enables us to reconstruct the past sequence of events. Forensic science can link a suspect to a crime scene. Examples of forensic evidences are: Fibers (clothes, carpet) Hair Blood If newsprint Shoe print Paint Forensic evidence can distinguish been murder and suicide. Locator Exchange Principle by Proof.Edmond Locator â€Å"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects. All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the exciteme nt of the moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly absent.Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its value. Every Contact leaves a Trace Case Study: Burglar severed a finger on razor wire while breaking into a builder's yard was caught by police when he went to hospital for treatment. Earliest forensics lab in US is in Austria, LISA in LAP. Singapore forensic lab is set up in 1960 by Proof Chaos Tweeze Change, now part of HAS. In a Forensic Science Lab, you can find: . Physical Science Licit a. Identification and comparison of evidence b. Chemical tests c. Spectroscopy d. Microscopy Drugs, glass, paint, explosives, soil†¦ E. 2.Biology Unit a. Hair b. Plants 3. DNA Lab DNA analysis a. 4. Firearms Unit a. Guns b. Bullets c. Cartridge cases . Firearm damage 5. Documents Unit a. Handwriting b. Printing Paper d. Ink 6. Photography Jinni a. Record of evidence b. Presentation Toxicology – drugs and poisons in body fluids and organs Latent Fingerprints – using chemical means to making them visible Polygraph – or lie detector Vectoring -? analysis of voices Psychiatric Profiling -? What can we tell about the criminal from the way they commit the crime Computer Forensics and Electronic Forensics -? What can be learnt from deleted data?How can other electronic trails be followed? Forensic Engineering – Examine the engine emerging aspects of a building or object Forensic Entomology – Using insects to provide information Forensic Geology – Soil Analysis on mineral content and chemistry. Soil in different countries have individualistic composition. This composition helps to narrow down to a region Of the world. Forensic Anthropology – Examination of skeletal remains Facial Reconstruction – If you have the skull, can you tell what the face looks like?Forensic Demonology – using teeth to provide information such as identification of victims remains or criminal Identification: physical objects Biological properties Chemical properties/constituents We collect as many evidence as we can on scene. These evidences have class characteristics that can put an object in a certain class or group like brand of shoe, type of fiber or type of bullet. Individualizing: Narrowing the class to one, Attaining more information from evidences from a crime scene.Physical objects: Manufacturer, serial number, fingerprints Chemicals: Trace elements and impurities Biological samples: Blood type and DNA analysis Then we do comparison and associate the evidence to the crime scene and the criminal. After which, reconstruction to understand the sequence of past events and Re-enactment Chapter 2: Spectroscopy and the Structure of Atoms Elements are the basic materials consisting of 93 natural basics and many more artificial ones. Elements can neither be created nor dest royed.Paper Cellulose consists of C, H, O CA Carbon Dioxide CA and Water H2O Human Body consists of C, H, O, N, P, S, Ca, An, K, Fee†¦ DDCD, H2O, N oxides, P oxides, S oxides, Ca oxides or hydroxides†¦ Teeth contains Au or Hag C] Au or Hag oxides Analysis: Which elements are present? E. G. Suspected lead or mercury poisoning but are these metals present in the body regardless of their chemical form? Toxicology. E. G. FUN analysis. How much of these elements were present in the Poltroon bones? Time of Death. What is it made of? How can we identify the elements present in an object?Bulk composition (what is it mostly made of? )e. G. Bullets are mostly lead. Trace impurities (what is a small part of it made or? ) e. G. Bullets have silver and antimony Chemical tests can be done to identify these elements and chemical tests have the following characteristics: Large amounts Of sample is needed Destructive Subjected to interference Fast process Easy to do Simple equipment White light consists of all colors. In the early 19th century, black bands observed in the solar spectrum. Different spectroscopic techniques use different frequencies of light.The different frequencies of light interact differently with the molecules. Structure of Atom: Tiny, dense, positively charged core called nucleus where nearly all mass is concentrated with electrons circulating at some distance. Founded by Ernest Rutherford. Nielsen Boor found that electrons are restricted to specific energy levels, therefore atoms don't destroy themselves due to electrostatic attraction. Electrons can jump to higher energy levels by absorbing energy. Electrons can release energy when they drop to a lower level. The frequency of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed is proportional to LEE DeBroglie equation: E = HP (Constant x frequency of electrons) Absorption Spectroscopy is when electron jump to higher energy levels, energy IS absorbed. A drop in graph for short interval of time. Em ission Spectroscopy is when electron drops to lower energy levels, energy is given out. A sharp spike in graph. Flame tests for metals: if a metal salt is introduced to a flame, a characteristic color is produced. Energy of the flame excites electrons in the atoms and light is emitted as the atoms drop back to ground state. Sodium: Orange Barium & Copper: Green Calcium & Lithium: Red Potassium: LilacAtomic Absorption Spectrometer (AS): Advantages: Fast Specific Sensitive Small sample size Disadvantages: Element by element Neutron Activation Analysis (*ANA) Non-destructive but needs a nuclear reactor Changes the nature of element Each emitted gamma ray is at dif. Energy level. Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEEM- DEG)* Non-destructive analysis looking at core electrons Use the electron beam of the microscope to eject core electrons Ejecting a core electron creates a vacancy. When a higher energy electron drops to fill vacancy, a characteristic X-ray is emittedCASE STUDY: Napoleon. Analysis of hair samples by Neutron Activation Analysis shows arsenic. Paint used for one of Napoleon's wallpaper is Chisel's Green which consists of copper arsenate. SEEM-DEG shows presence of arsenic. When copper arsenate reacts with mold, arsenic gas is produced. CASE STUDY: Kennedy Assassination 22nd Novo 1 963 Analysis of bullets fragments by Neutron Activation Analysis (ANA) shows the content of Antimony and Silver. You are What You Eat! Bones consists of calcium phosphate in a protein matrix. Calcium is derived from the diet.. Other metals may also be incorporated if they are present in diet.Relative abundance of trace elements in bone can indicate geographical origin: Strontium, copper and lead. Chapter 3: Time Of Death Alger Morris: After death, muscles relax, body is limp and starts to cool down. The rate at which body temperature cools depends on size of body, location, clothing, weather. Different parts of the body co ols at different rates. E. G. Brain cools faster than liver. General rule is -1 to 1. Degrees Fahrenheit However, note that the body may start to warm up after 2 days due to start of putrefaction Rigor Morris: Lactic acid in the muscles causes tension up to 36 hours after death E. . Jaws (errs), arms (4-errs), legs(8-1 Oh RSI), whole body (10-rush) Liver Morris (Color of the body): Also known as Postmortem lividly: the black and blue disconsolation of the skin of a cadaver, resulting from an accumulation of degenerated blood in subcutaneous vessels. Hypothesis: poor or stagnant circulation in a dependent part of the body or an organ. Settling of red blood cells due to gravity (post mortem lividly, hypothesis 0-ours) Disconsolation in lower parts. Parts on the ground not affected due to compression of capillaries (contact flattening) *Has the body been moved?If a body has been moved, he calculation of the body may not give the correct approximation of the time of death. *Take note th at CO poisoning has similar symptoms as Liver Morris, CO poisoning results in cherry pink calculation due to the carbon monoxide-hemoglobin complex Physiological Changes in the body after Death. The average core temperature of a body is 9. Degree Fahrenheit. Postmortem interval = 99. 6/1. 5 (general rule). Other indicators that can estimate the time of death are: Kit levels in ocular fluid (vitreous humor) which increase after death Stomach and intestine contents (time of last meal).A stomach empties its contents in about 2 hours. Look at other objects such as watches or mobile phone records and CATV. Putrefaction This is the process when your micro-organisms start to eat you after death. This produces gases and characteristic smells. The rate of putrefaction depends heavily on local factors such as temperature and also drug use. Forensic Entomology (Using insects) Insects can arrive and lay eggs as early as minis after death. In order to estimate the time of death, the species, lif e cycle, local conditions of that particular insect must be known. Live maggots are collected from the corpse and rear until adulthood.After which, back calculate age and determine pieces. Skeletal Remains A forensic pathologist or anthropologist will use astrology, the study of bones, to find out as much as possible about the identity of a skeleton or collection of bones. Sometimes they rely on skeletal radiology, the study of bones through x rays or fluorescence (light-emission) to help make the identification. No fluorescence indicates that the skeletal remains is 1 00 years old or more. FUN analysis As time passes, the organic components of bone (mostly fats and proteins) are lost primarily through bacterial action.Since these components contain nitrogen, there is a progressive loss of that element. At the same time, percolating ground water deposits trace amounts of fluorine and other elements, such as uranium, into the bone. Bone nitrogen content decreases with age (proteins b reakdown). Bone fluoride and uranium increases with age. Fresh bones should contain 4% of nitrogen and 0% fluoride and uranium. Therefore, FUN analysis is useful for comparing samples from the same burial grounds/sites. Carbon-14 Dating The natural amount of ICC, a radioactive isotope formed in atmosphere by cosmic rays, is constant and living things have this proportion of ICC.Radioactive atoms decay at a predicable rate and only half of the atoms will eve decayed in arrears. Hence measuring the amount of ICC allows estimation of time of death through back calculation. This method is not accurate for Components can be detected as they get to the end. Movement is due to the flow of a liquid or gas (mobile phase). Thin Layer Chromatography (TTL) Colored compounds are visible to the eye while others can be made visible through chemical staining or UP light. TTL is a presumptive test, it is unable to distinguish all the different compounds in the sample and only provides 2 answers: NO or MAYBE. Gas Chromatography (GO) GO can only be used if the unknown sample passes TTL. GO depends on the rate of which the compound moves at different temperatures. GO is still not accurate enough.High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HAPLY) HAPLY is similar to GO, but uses a liquid mobile phase. The graph result of HAPLY has very sharp and narrow peaks which are highly distinguishable to determine the different compounds in an unknown sample accurately. HAPLY GO For both methods: Efficient, highly selective and widely applicable Only a small amount of sample is needed Non-destructive to the sample Readily adapted to quantitative analysis Has high resolution Advantages of HAPLY: Can accommodate non-volatile and thermally unstable samples Advantages of GO: Simple and inexpensive equipment Rapid process How do we tell what compound is it?By comparison of chromatography of authentic samples By spectroscopy By spectrometry Infra-red Spectroscopy Based on molecular vibrations (stretch ing and bending of chemical bonds) Stretching frequency depends on masses involved and stiffness of the bond The graph of infra-red spectroscopy has 2 parts, before 1 500 wave number and after 1500 wave number Before 1500-6000 wave number shows the characteristics Of the class of compounds, but not Of individual compound After 1500 – 600 wave number shows Characteristic of individual compound like a molecular fingerprint Mass Spectrometry Measures the molecular weight of the sample. . Sample is introduced into a vacuum box 2. Sample is bombarded with electrons, leaving only positively-charged ions 3. Ions are accelerated by high voltages (100 – 1 0,VIVO), ions is deflected into magnetic field to detectors, measuring the mass of the molecule. *Know how to calculate molecular weight Some molecules will break up in the spectrometer known as Fragmentation. Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GO-MS) Another hyphenated tech unique.

Get the Facts About the Element Antimony

Get the Facts About the Element Antimony Antimony (atomic number 51)Â  compounds have been known since ancient time. The metal has been known since at least the 17th century. Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p3 Word Origin Greek anti- plus monos, meaning a metal not found alone. The symbol comes from the mineral stibnite. Properties The melting point of antimony is 630.74Â °C, the boiling point is 1950Â °C, specific gravity is 6.691 (at 20Â °C), with a valence of 0, -3, 3, or 5. Two allotropic forms of antimony exist; the usual stable metallic form and the amorphous gray form. Metallic antimony is extremely brittle. It is a bluish-white metal with a flaky crystalline texture and metallic luster. It is not oxidized by air at room temperature. However, it will burn brilliantly when heated, and release white Sb2O3 fumes. It is a poor heat or electrical conductor. Antimony metal has a hardness of 3 to 3.5. Uses Antimony is widely used in alloying to increase hardness and mechanical strength. Antimony is used in the semiconductor industry for infrared detectors, Hall-effect devices, and diodes. The metal and its compounds also used in batteries, bullets, cable sheathing, flame-proofing compounds, glass, ceramics, paints, and pottery. Tartar emetic has been used in medicine. Antimony and many of its compounds are toxic. Sources Antimony is found in over 100 minerals. Sometimes it occurs in native form, but it is more common as the sulfide stibnite (Sb2S3) and as the antimonides of heavy metals and as oxides. Element Classification and Properties SemimetallicDensity (g/cc): 6.691Melting Point (K): 903.9Boiling Point (K): 1908Appearance: hard, silvery-white, brittle semi-metalAtomic Radius (pm): 159Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.4Covalent Radius (pm): 140Ionic Radius: 62 (6e) 245 (-3)Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.205Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 20.08Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 195.2Debye Temperature (K): 200.00Pauling Negativity Number: 2.05First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 833.3Oxidation States: 5, 3, -2Lattice Structure: RhombohedralLattice Constant (Ã…): 4.510 Symbol Sb Atomic Weight 121.760 References Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

A Farewell Of Arms, By Ernest Hemingway Essay World War II, World War

Throughout the novel, Ernest Hemingway demonstrates the true horrors and realities of the Great War. At the beginning of the novel, many individuals in the Italian army despise the Great War and its primary objectives, believing that it is not only unnecessary but also unjust. In addition the impact of the war is illustrated when an American soldier decides to take the truss off of his hernia in order to avoid fighting at the front lines. Furthermore, as the war continues to expand and intensify, Rinaldi, a proficient Italian surgeon is significantly affected as he is about his medals, war wounds as well as the promotion that he is about to obtain. Ettore further encourages Henry to join the American army, since it will compensate him much more than the Italian army. Moretti’s moral values are shown in his reasoning for joining the American army since he would rather serve in an army that pays him more for his services. Henry’s own experiences of the Great War ch anges his perspectives and attitudes, leaving him to feel lonely, disgusted as well as disconnected for participating in a warfare that destroys and kills countless of innocent people.Consequently, Ernest Hemingway portrays the First World War as meaningless, gruesome and destructive, which causes detrimental impacts on many individuals physically, morally as well as mentally. He demonstrates that war is senseless and brutal, inflicting mental and physical damage to

Bank law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bank law - Essay Example The agent in possession of the said Nursing Home sold it and the proceeds were applied to reduction of the credit debt and no surplus accrued to benefit the other creditors and Narni. After the sale, no profit or income was derived by Narni. 2. Narni which runs the Carrum Nursing Home applied for overdraft facility with National Australia Bank. Pending formal approval of the application with limit of $65, 000.00, the Bank nevertheless honored the cheques drawn by Narni even though there were no funds to meet them since the account was regularly in debit. The bank refused to extend the overdraft facility to $100, 000.00 but supported Narni by honoring the cheques drawn despite lack of funds. The Court found that the "Bank and Narni conducted their business and arranged their affairs, from February 1989, on the basis that the approved overdraft of $65,000 was at best a nominal limit and that the Bank would tolerate surges well in excess of that limit in each monthly cycle. The bank ope rated and permitted the account to operate in a very flexible way so that the monthly surges far exceeded any such limit". The court also found that "Narni relied upon this attitude on the part of the Bank in the operation of its business, as the Bank officers knew". It was deduced from the facts that the Bank itself also enjoyed a benefit from this arrangement from the receipt of interest and other fees and by the retention of a satisfied customer. The Court found that it was a "term of this arrangement between the Bank and Narni that the Bank would not refuse to honour cheques drawn by it on the ground that the balance of the account exceeded the approved overdraft limit of $65,000." The correctly held that it was an implied term of the arrangement that the Bank could not terminate or vary it without giving the customer reasonable notice so as to allow time for it to arrange its affairs to comply. Furthermore, they must have regard to the fact that cheques, which had been previous ly drawn and delivered may have to be honoured under the pre?existing arrangement in place at the time they were drawn and delivered. The implication of such a term is an incident of the arrangement between the Bank and its customer because the Bank knew that Narni was dependent upon it. As aptly held by the court, " there was no warning of dishonor from the bank and this act was relied upon by Narni and giving rise to overdraft extension. Narni was dependent for its cash flow upon the accommodation of the bank in excess of the agreed limit given by the Bank." In the case of Joachimson v Swiss Bank Corporation [1921] 3 KB 110 CA, it was held that the following are considered implied terms: a). The bank will receive the customer’s deposits and collect his or her cheques; b). The bank will comply with written orders (i.e. cheques) issued by its customers assuming there is sufficient credit tin the account; c). The bank will repay the entire balance on the customers demand at th e account holding branch during banking hours -as was also held in Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v Bankers Trust [1989] AC 80 PC for the application for the terms in relation to UK banks; d). The bank will give reasonable notice before closing a customer’s account if it is in credit; e). the customer will take reasonable care when writing cheques (Topic 1, n.d.). Implied terms are extra terms read into contracts by the courts in order to give effect to statutory requirements and common law presumptions (Robinson, 2009). Implied

Management problem solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management problem solving - Essay Example The very fact that now people are being considered as resource instead of liability marks the importance of human beings constituting this resource. Moe's too believes in valuing the contribution of its workforce. But at times situations arise which present not only a challenge, for the HR manager, to come out with effective solution to the issue but it also provides a wholesome learning experience i. Moe's is basically into services i.e. service sector organizing i.e. Moe's mission basically centers on welcoming the hunger of its customers and then satisfying it. The smiling staff spread the fragrance of a hearty "Welcome to Moe's!" when the customer walks in. Therefore Moe's is into hospitality events and not in production and manufacturing I used to tell the boys that customer satisfaction is the key to our success, and believed in positively motivating them to excel in life. Motivation in simplest terms can be defined as a means of providing motives. Motives can act towards making or breaking the work, towards doing a job more efficiently or for distorting the work environment. The lack of any positive motivation by the managers often results in an automatic provisioning of negative motivation.

Diabetes WA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diabetes WA - Research Paper Example The support of the NDSS is also shown carefully in this paper. In this particular paper most of the information are taken from the diabetes WA website and from some relevant secondary sources like books, journals and online reviews. Introduction: The Diabetes WA is a noble organization which is been helping people since long time in Western Australia. However, to have a strong position within the market the proper and suitable funds are required and at the same time the awareness must be distributed accordingly to attract more people towards it. The advertising and the marketing communication tools play a vital role in this matter. The proper advertising strategy is a must to keep the sustainability intact within the market for a longer time. The target group, micro and macro environmental factors are very much important in this scenario. It is very important to understand that no matter how strong a company is, but if it doesn’t have the potential to reach the target customer s or the target group then all of its strength will be lost very soon. Industry background: Diabetes is one of the most dangerous diseases in the medical field. It can create many problems like feeling weak, Wight loss, etc. the type 2 1 diabetes can be very stressful, it can have major effects on the human health (Weiner et al; 2003, 197). Diabetes has become a most common disease in Australia. It is been predicted that the diabetes would affect more than one million people in Australia (Hastings 2007, 322). It has been seen that one hundred and fifty people are diagnosed with diabetes every day in Australia. There are basically two types of diabetes and they are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Among these, the type 2 diabetes is the fastest growing form of diabetes (Hastings 2007, 322). And this type of diabetes is mostly seen among the adults who are aged above forty. In the recent time almost 7 percent of the population in Australia had been detected with diabetes and it was predict ed that it would be almost 3.3 million Australians would carry diabetes within 2031 (Diabetes WA annual report 2010, 4). Within this industrial back ground a proper advertising strategy is very much important for the organization to attract the target group. The DAGMAR approach is important in this scenario and the innovative promotional activities are also very vital. From these figures it is very clear that the diabetes industry is growing very fast and it is taking a shape which is huge enough to rule the medical industry as well as the pharmaceutical industry. However, in this case the main mission of the Diabetes WA is not to create more diabetic patient it basically to help the people to prevent the diabetes. There are many micro and macro environmental factors are involved in this factor. The diabetes is a chronic disease and it can be fetal in some cases. However, the growth of the diabetes depends on many factors like living style, food habit, sugar intake etc. the macro an d micro environmental factors are very much involved in this case. And all these factors are closely related with the advertising strategies. The advertising campaign is basically to build the brand awareness about the NDSS and Diabetes WA. The growing industry and the growing number of diabetic people in the Western Australia have given a great potential to this particular advertising campa

Economic Analysis of Shanghai Port

Economic Analysis of Shanghai Port GROUP MEMBERS: Li Zhou (043-867-118) Botao Lin (053-077-129) Mingwei Tang (038-307-138) Yihong Wu (014-113-138) Introduction and Background: Introduction: Shanghai port is one of the most famous ports in the world; it is also the worlds busiest trading port. Shanghai ports foreign trade accounted for the major coastal port throughput of about 20% in China, government use Shanghai port to implement open-door policy and participate in the international economy. As statistics shown, Shanghai cargo and container throughput are among the top in the world in 2010. Location: Shanghai port is located in the central China coastline. â€Å"Situated at the junction of the West/East transport route by the Yangtze River and the South/North route along the seacoast† (shanghai port). Size: â€Å"Shanghai covers an area of 3,619.6km ² at the mouth of the Yangtze.†(Ship technology )The total quay length of about 20 kilometers and has 293 thousand square meters of warehouses.†(Port profile). Shanghai Port is the largest port in China. History: On November 17th 1843, Shanghai port was forced to operate by the Qing Government. A lot of foreign businessmen start swarmed into Shanghai. â€Å"They took notorious actions like appointment of foreign harbor master, designation of foreign vessel anchorages and berths, demarcation of apron waters, building of warehouses and yards, drug smuggling, human trafficking.†(Shanghai). This rampant phenomenon always occurs, but incompetent Qing government had no power to solve and prevent the phenomenon. After the Qing government reforms its own institutions, Shanghai port consolidated the rights and began to focus on trade. In 1853, â€Å"Shanghai became the largest foreign trade port in China. After the 1870’s, Shanghai Port evolved into the shipping center in China where contemporary industrial clusters took shape at both sides of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.†(Shanghai). At the beginning of the 20th Century, â€Å"Huangpu Fairway Bureau dredged and harnessed several sections of the Wusong Estuary and the Huangpu River so that 10,000-tonnage vessels might sail into the Huangpu River at high tide.†(Shanghai).Because a lot of investment development of the port, Shanghai port developed very rapidly. It facilitated the transport of goods; as a result Chinas economy has improved dramatically. Through more than half a century of endless efforts, Shanghai Port has become a one of the most modern and famous ports in a world. In the future, the Chinese government will continue the development of the port of Shanghai; it has become an important symbol of China. Globalization: Driven by open-door policy and economic globalization, the port became an important international connecting channel node. As an important port, Shanghai port is one of the most effected ports about international trade in the world. Therefore, China began to spend a lot of money and labor to develop the port of Shanghai. Under the influence of globalization, China is known as the worlds factory, most of the worlds low-cost products are made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹in china. Moreover, Shanghai port not only maintains a good state, but it also has a perfect transportation system, as a result China developed close trading relationship with other countries. More and more international companies build factories or look for factories in China. This will stimulate the Chinese and the world economy. People witnessed the phenomenal growth of globalized Shanghai Port. Over the past decade, Shanghai’s throughput has increased more than two times of the original. In year 2008 to 2012, despite the economic crisis, Chinas port economy is still in a rising state. Compared with neighboring countries: South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Shanghai port has a clear price advantage. This is also a reason why numerous companies choose Shanghai. Shanghai port cargo throughput currently still has steady growth of 4.9 percent average annual growth rate. Since 2010, Shanghai is emerged as the worlds largest container port, and its containers throughput reached a record-breaking of 32.5 million TEU. Shanghai is a high efficiency, strong hinterland accessible world-class port. Cultural Considerations: Shanghai has different position in different times. In ancient times, from the Qin Dynasty to the Tang and Song dynasties, it gradually forms the edge of the center; from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it is in the prosperous city. In modern times, it is a Chinese mega-city. It is the largest port, the foreign exchanges base, the economic center, and most importantly one of the national cultural centers in China. Since 1949, it is still the Chinese mega-cities, Chinas industrial base, the financial backbone of the 1990s in the forefront of reform and opening up in China. Shanghai is located in the midpoint of the Chinese mainland coastline, the sea of the Yangtze River, where is on the â€Å"T shaped intersection. After shipping developed into such geographical conditions on the advantages of the port, through the Huangpu River, the Grand Canal and the southern waterways dense spider web, Shanghai became the hub of the Yangtze River Delta foreign trade. Therefore, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanghai is one of the important foreign trade ports in China. After entering the modern history of the development of shipping and technology, the rapid development of oceanic trade, located in the Western Pacific hub of Shanghai route, ideal for port development and shipping trade of the world. Shanghai North and Tokyo, Osaka, Japan, the East and San Francisco, Los Angeles area, south of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore, distances are relatively modest, after the opening of the Suez Canal, and the European transport more convenient. Remediation of the Hu angpu River in the early 20th century road carried, increasing the port’s deep-water berths and shoreline, construction of a number to meet the needs of large shipping docks, warehouses and stacks, a large port of Shanghai as an international condition more perfect. Competitive factors – locally, regionally, and internationally. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Strong market leadership: in 2010, shanghai overtook Singapore to become the busiest and largest port in the world. â€Å"China’s Shanghai port has retained its title as the worlds busiest container port in 2013 with a total throughput of 33.6m teu, up 3.4% from 32.5m teu in 2012.à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ shanghai)† Advantageous geographical location: Shanghai port located at the front edge of the Yangtze River Delta and near major global shipping routes. It’s one of major hub port in china and the china’s most important gateway for international trade. The port of shanghai is equipped with world’s biggest crane, high-tech trials and one of most advanced control systems that any containable. Moreover, they have some of best container port operators in the business. Weaknesses: 1) The port facilities cannot cope with such an increasing volume of exports and imports. Small player compared to its competitors: there is no doubt that shanghai is busiest and largest port in the world. However, compare with other competitor, Shanghai port has low port productivity. In time million tons of silt washed down the Yangtze River. Because of insufficient water depth, shanghai port is unable to accommodate big ship. (except Yangshan deep water port) Opportunities: 1) Government support: The government pay attention on shanghai port. â€Å"The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (PFTZ) officially launched and the existing Yangshan Free Trade Port Area will be included in the new zone.†(Free) 2) With the global expansion of business, more and more countries need to do the trade with china and import goods from china. Moreover, most â€Å"well know† brand’s majority of its goods are assembled or made in the Chinese mainland. 3) Deep-water port started operationà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Shanghai Yangshan port is able to accommodate big ship. Threats: The competition is increasing. The port of shanghai will face increasing amount of competitors from neighboring port. The rising fuel price and labor price. Successful Factors: The geographic of shanghai port is a key factor that lead to the success of this key seaport. Shanghai port located at the front edge of the Yangtze River Delta and near major global shipping routes. The shanghai port comprises a deep water port and a river port. â€Å"With a favorable geographical location, it made shanghai port becomes a key area of development for coastal trade during the Qing dynasty from 1644 to 1912.†(The world) The policy of government is a key factor that leads to the success of this key seaport. In 1842, China opened port to foreign trade. Throughout most of the Chinese history, Shanghai port plays an important role in import and export trade. â€Å"In 1991, the central government allowed Shanghai to initiate economic reform.† As result of this policy, the port of shanghai has developed rapidly. In 2013, the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone officially launched and its first free trade zone is established in China. It definitely attract foreign investor investing in shanghai. With the global expansion of business, more and more countries need to do the trade with china and import goods from china. Competitive Factors: Shanghai Port is the worlds busiest container port in 2010. In 2010, Shanghai also took a quarter share of Chinas foreign trade. China is the largest container market in the world today. Consequently Beijing is focusing attention on Shanghai and hopes it will be a world-leading international shipping and financial center by 2020. In its 12th five-year plan, Beijing also emphasized the importance of the development of Hong Kongs maritime industry. The ports are considered crucial gateways: Shanghai to the booming Yangtze River Delta region and Hong Kong to the hugely successful Special Economic Zones in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China. Shanghais proximity to the Yangtze River Delta is expected to contribute to significant growth in port traffic driven by exports. However, with the development of the Yangshan Port approximately 27 kilometers from the coast of Shanghai, the Port has established competitive transshipment capabilities. Asias dominance in world seaborne trad e will require the continued development of ports and bonded areas to attract associated maritime services. Infrastructure is crucial but it is not the whole story: competitive strategies and collaboration through effective government policy will help shape the future success of individual ports. Although it has been suggested that the Port of Shenzhen may overtake the Port of Shanghai by the end of the decade, Shanghai’s increasing dominance in transshipment and more generally as a maritime center makes it a crucial comparator port to Hong Kong. This working paper will first identify the key features of the ports of Hong Kong and Shanghai. In order to identify disparities and opportunities, it will examine the regulatory framework of the Port of Shanghai, including incentives for the maritime industry. There is a substantial body of academic research concerning interaction between ports: predominantly in the fields of economics, management and transport logistics and geography. It is perhaps only through such a broad spectrum of analysis that the overall competitiveness of a port can be properly assessed–it is impossible to attribute the success or demise of a port to a single factor. Moreover, modern ports are a complex agglomeration of stakeholders including terminal operators, regulatory bodies, logistics companies, shipping lines, and many more. Although it is the intention that the present working paper focus on two specific aspects of maritime competitiveness, namely governmental regulation and policies, the wealth of discourse on port competition and integration is instructive and reference will be made where relevant. Process of the Seaport: Our goods will ship to Canada from Shang Hai seaport. Our good is clothes. We are going to ship our good by container ship. We will use closed general cargo container. We decided to use FCL as our containerized service, because our goods have huge export volume. We are going to pick regional service routes as our trade routes, because we have sufficient volume to commitment of direct services between Shanghai and Canada. If we want to ship goods to Toronto, we will use Macro land bridge internationalism, because it saves time and money. We will sign clean bill of lading with master of the ship to indicating the apparent order and condition of the goods received on board. Sustainability: â€Å"Shanghai is the largest Chinese city by population and the largest city proper by population in the world.†(from) â€Å"Shanghai is a global financial center, and a transport hub with the worlds busiest container port.†(from) â€Å"Shanghai sits on the Yangtze River Delta on Chinas eastern coast, and the main seaports area distributed along the Yellow River.† (shanghai) The Yangtze River and Huangpu River can provide fresh water for the seaport, and it is also ensures that the width of the ship into the territory and a lot of space ship anchor. There are some data shows that Shanghai seaport has all kinds of harbor berths of 1140, and wharves line length is 91.6 km. Container throughput in the feeder container volume 2,026,000 TEUs, international transit boxes 785,000 TEUs, domestic container throughput of 3,137,000 TEUs. By the end of 2006, Shanghai seaport container liner route to reach 2106 flights per month, of which 498 flights are ocean routes. In the first five months of 2013, Shanghai seaport handled 12.7 million TEU, but its biggest rival Singapores container volume was just 12.1 million TEU. Because of the low labour costs, more and more manufacturers would love to set up factories in western China. Therefore, Shanghai expected the throughput’s average annual growth rate to be about 10% in the next five years. Based on above six points, Shanghai is a big city that has great potential and sustainability of seaport in the future. Financial Analysis: Commodity description: clothing, T-shirt, fitted top in pima cotton jersey. Price per piece/unit: 1.3 CAD. Quantity of product: 10000 pieces. Total weight of shipment Weight: 18kg/per carton*100 = 1800kg. Total cube of shipment: 24m^3 Total Quantity: 100cartons. Carton: 80cm*50cm*60cm 0.8m*0.5m*0.6m = 0.24m^3 0.24m^3*100 = 24m^3 = 20ft container INCOTERM chosen: CIF and shanghai port as to incoterm 2010. Port of loading: Shanghai Port of destination: Montreal Total export price: 13000CAD. Total freight amount in Canadian dollars: ocean freight 1350CAD, inland freight 300CAD Total: 1350 CAD. Insurance premium (if applicable):0.8% war 0.08 Profit margin: 30% Total/final export price (based on INCOTERM chosen): 13000*(1+15%-9%)/ (1+15%) +1650 = 13632.6087 CAD 13632.6087/ (1 1.1*0.0088 0.3) = 19748.24531 CAD Citations About the Port of Shanghai.Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Port of Shanghai: Port Profile Freight Statistics, Container Shipping — Dedola Global Logistics.Freight Forwarder, Global Logistics, Supply Chain, Customs Broker Dedola Global Logistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Port of Shanghai.Ship Technology. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. from Shanghai Pudong airport to the Westin Bund Center.SHANGHAI. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Shanghai.Artistopia Music. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Shanghai retains crown as worlds busiest container port in 2013. Seatrade Global – Maritime News | Offshore News | Shipping News. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. free trade zone raises hopes-shanghai. BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. PortArea .com | World Leading Port Agent Center Port of Shanghai. PortArea .com | World Leading Port Agent Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. WPS Port of Shanghai review. World Port Source. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. The worlds busiest, handles 736m tonnes every year. Mail Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014.